Archive for December 2016

According to the U.S. Constitution, war may be declared by

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According to the U.S. Constitution, war may be declared by






A.  the President
B.  the President with Congress’ consent
C.  the Congress
D.  the Senate with the President’s consent
E.  the Secretary of the Department of Defense with authorization by the President.








Answer: C

Liquidation of assets in a bankruptcy refers to

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Liquidation of assets in a bankruptcy refers to






A.  returning unpaid property to the original owner
B.  distributing whatever money the person in bankruptcy has to the creditors
C.  selling property for cash
D.  selecting those assets necessary for basic survival
E.  destroying all credit cards used by the person declaring bankruptcy







Answer: C

The terms “fiscal federalism” and “cooperative federalism” refer to situations in which

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The terms “fiscal federalism” and “cooperative federalism”  refer to situations in which





A. the federal government completely dominates state governments  
B. states are forbidden any activity that has not been specifically approved by the Supreme Court
C. the federal judiciary uses its powers of judicial review to ensure congressional dominance over state legislatures  
D. state, municipal, and local income taxes are pooled by special agreement and redistributed in accordance with individual need
E. federal, state, and local governments work together to complete a project, with the federal government providing much of the needed funding







Answer: E

Which of the following was NOT part of the decision of Dred Scott v. Sanford?

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Which of the following was NOT part of the decision of Dred  Scott v. Sanford?




A.  slaves could not sue in federal court
B.  as property is protected by the eminent domain clause in the constitution,  states could not deny owners of their slaves without just compensation or due process
C.  the decision to abolish slavery was reserved to the states
D.  the fugitive slave law was an unconstitutional infringement on federal  supremacy







Answer: D

The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions were attempts by

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The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions were attempts by






A.  the federal government to force states to comply with desegregation of schools
B.  states to assume the power to declare federal laws unconstitutional
C.  federalists to curb the rising tide of increased opposition to federal supremacy
D.  southern states to enforce the fugitive slave laws








Answer: B

The Supreme Court decision, U.S. v. Lopez established that

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The Supreme Court decision, U.S. v. Lopez established that








A.  child labor control was a sole power of the states.
B.  states could not tax the U.S. bank.
C.  only the federal government could license ships.
D.  establishing gun free school zones was a reserved state power.
E.  the Supreme court had the sole power of judicial review.





Answer: D

All the following are characteristics of marble cake federalism except:

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All the following are characteristics of marble cake federalism except:





A.  there are mingled responsibilities and blurred distinctions between the levels of government.
B.  there is a greater sharing of responsibilities between the federal and state levels.  
C.  the national government exercises its power independently from state governments.  
D. there is a greater cooperation between the federal and state governments.










Answer: C

Partial preemption

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Partial preemption  



A. allows states to establish standards higher, but not lower, than national standards.
B.  means Congress tells the states what standards to adopt.  
C. means Congress takes the responsibility for setting regulations in a specific area.  
D. allows states to ignore parts of laws passed by Congress.








Answer: A

The fiscal policy of raising taxes generally affects the economy by

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The fiscal policy of raising taxes generally affects the economy by




A.  raising the value of the dollar to curb inflation.
B.  lowering the value of the dollar to stimulate sales.
C.  increases the money in the economy which encourages savings.
D.  lowers the amount of money in circulation to stimulate the sale of American exports
E.  stimulating spending to end unemployment.








Answer: A

Compared to marble cake federalism, Reagan’s new federalism aimed to

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Compared to marble cake federalism, Reagan’s new federalism  aimed to



 
A. increase the size of the federal government.  
B. reduce the number of block grants govern to the states.  
C. increase the amount of federal taxes to reduce the deficit.  
D. reduce the size of the Defense Department and give the savings back to the states.
E. downsize the the federal government and turn more authority over to the states.








Answer: E

All of the following reflect devolution of federal power EXCEPT

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All of the following reflect devolution of federal power EXCEPT  






A. the approval of block grants to the states.  
B. the limitations placed on the federal government to pass on unfunded mandates to the states.
C. the Supreme Court decisions that allows death row inmates to file petitions for review in federal courts.  
D. the executive orders resulting in the downsizing of the bureaucracy.
E.  the congressional legislation resulting in the elimination of regulations established by regulatory agencies









Answer: C

Which of the following best illustrates a use of the elastic clause?

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Which of the following best illustrates a use of the elastic clause?




 
A. The Supreme Court allows a lower court ruling to stand by refusing to hear an appeal.  
B. a congressional committee prevents the full chamber from voting on legislation by delaying its report.  
C. Congress passes legislation establishing a national speed limit.  
D. a member of the House introduces a bill to increase federal income tax rates.  
E. a governor issues an executive order requiring all state employees to submit to drug testing.







Answer: C

The US Supreme Court struck down the Child Labor Act of 1916 because

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The US Supreme Court struck down the Child Labor Act of 1916 because




 
A. it viewed child labor as an area for state regulation  
B. Congress cannot interfere with interstate commerce  
C. it believed children benefited from hard work  
D. business people funded the justices’ reelection campaigns








Answer: A

Which of the following provisions of the Republican Contract with America addresses the issue of federalism? I. term limits constitutional amendment II. reduction in unfunded mandates III. continuation of block grants

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Which of the following provisions of the Republican Contract with America addresses the issue of federalism?
I. term limits constitutional amendment
II. reduction in unfunded mandates  
III. continuation of block grants  





A. I, only        
B. II, only      
C. II and III, only
D. I and II, only    
E. III only









Answer: C

Patent protection would be given to which of the following?

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Patent protection would be given to which of the following?




A.  an artist who has created a new piece of art on canvass
B.  a writer who has written a new  novel
C.  a doctor who has developed a new surgical technique
D.  an actress with a unique and famous name
E.  a company who has produced a new movie








Answer: C

One of the best ways that the federal Department of Education has to influence national education policy is

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One of the best ways that the federal Department of Education has to influence national education policy is  





A. establishing new schools where they are needed  
B. setting conditions for the distribution of financial aid  
C. hiring and firing teachers  
D. dictating standards to be used in certifying teachers  
E. closing schools that do not meet basic federal standards








Answer: B

Congress adopted the War Powers Resolution to

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Congress adopted the War Powers Resolution to





A.  give the President additional powers in case of military emergencies.
B.  delineate a chain of command in the event of nuclear war.
C.  criticize the President for declaring war without Congress’ approval
D.  enable the President to commit troops to U.N. peacekeeping efforts.
E.  limit the President’s authority to commit troops overseas.








Answer: E

The term “block grants” refers to

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The term “block grants” refers to






A.  local funding designed to restore blighted urban blocks to prosperity
B.  a block of presidential pardons
C.  education loans named after Senator Block of RI
D.  foreign aid grants to developing countries
E.  federal grants to states for broad programs with few restrictions.








Answer: D

The Constitution's provision that Congress has the right to "make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution" its powers is seen to be the basis for ________________ powers.

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The Constitution's provision that Congress has the right to "make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution" its powers is seen to be the basis for ________________ powers. 





A) Enumerated powers
B) Reserved Powers
C) Inherent Powers
D) Implied Powers
E) Denied Powers









Answer: D

Which of the following is the best example of a categorical grant?

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Which of the following is the best example of a categorical grant? 






A) Money given to states for special education programs

B) Money given to individuals in the form of tax rebates

C) Money given to states unconditionally

D) Money given to states to spend on a program of their choice

E) Money given directly to private business for economic development







Answer: A

Cooperative federalism can best be described by which of the following statements?

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Cooperative federalism can best be described by which of the following statements? 






A) Different levels of government, national, state, and local, are involved in common policy areas
B) Government must have cooperation from the people in order to make legislative decisions
C) Local levels of government can make decisions on issues more efficiently than state and national government can
D) The federal government must make regulations that can be applied across every state in the same way
E) Business and government can work together to more effectively accomplish shared goals








Answer: A

In McCulloch v Maryland, the Supreme Court established which of the following principles?

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In McCulloch v Maryland, the Supreme Court established which of the following principles?






A) It is within the judiciary's authority to interpret the constitution
B) The judicial branch cannot intervene in political disputes between the President and Congress
C) The federal Bill of Rights places no limitations on the states
D) The federal government has the power to regulate commerce
E) There are implied powers in the Constitution as established by the necessary and proper clause







Answer: E

In ________ federalism, the powers and policy assignments of different levels of government are like a marble cake, with mingled responsibilities and blurred distinctions between layers of government.

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In ________ federalism, the powers and policy assignments of different levels of government are like a marble cake, with mingled responsibilities and blurred distinctions between layers of government.




A) fiscal
B) mixed
C) dual
D) cooperative
E) tripartite







Answer: D

In dual federalism

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In dual federalism





A) the state governments assume greater fiscal responsibility.
B) there are only two branches of government.
C) the federal government assumes greater fiscal responsibility.
D) powers are shared between states and the federal government.
E) states and the national government each have separate distinct powers







Answer: E

Federalism is

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Federalism is





A) a system of shared power by the state and national governments.
B) the same as unitary government.
C) sole government authority in the national government.
D) sole government authority in the states.
E) a three-branch government with a system of checks and balances.






Answer: A


Which of the following statements best summarizes the differences between DNA and RNA?

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Which of the following statements best summarizes the differences between DNA and RNA? 




A) DNA encodes hereditary information, whereas RNA does not.
B) The bases in DNA form base-paired duplexes, whereas the bases in RNA do not.
C) DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides.
D) DNA contains the base uracil, whereas RNA contains the base thymine.
E) DNA encodes hereditary information, whereas RNA does not; the bases in DNA form base-paired duplexes, whereas the bases in RNA do not; and DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides.







Answer: C

The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA

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The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA 





A) is a six-carbon sugar and the sugar in RNA is a five-carbon sugar.
B) can form a double-stranded molecule.
C) is an aldehyde sugar and the sugar in RNA is a keto sugar.
D) is in the a configuration and the sugar in RNA is in the ß configuration.
E) contains one less oxygen atom.







Answer: E

A double-stranded DNA molecule contains a total of 120 purines and 120 pyrimidines. This DNA molecule could be composed of

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A double-stranded DNA molecule contains a total of 120 purines and 120 pyrimidines. This DNA molecule could be composed of 






A) 120 adenine and 120 uracil molecules.
B) 120 thymine and 120 adenine molecules.
C) 120 cytosine and 120 thymine molecules.
D) 120 adenine and 120 cytosine molecules.
E) 120 guanine and 120 thymine molecules.






Answer: B

One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to

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One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to 






A) transmit genetic information to offspring.
B) function in the synthesis of proteins.
C) make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity.
D) act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA.
E) form the genes of higher organisms.






Answer: B

Which of the following statements about the 5' end of a polynucleotide strand of DNA is correct?

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Which of the following statements about the 5' end of a polynucleotide strand of DNA is correct? 





A) The 5' end has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose.
B) The 5' end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose.
C) The 5' end has phosphate attached to the number 5 carbon of the nitrogenous base.
D) The 5' end has a carboxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose.
E) The 5' end is the fifth position on one of the nitrogenous bases.







Answer: B

DNAase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would first happen to DNA molecules treated with DNAase?

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DNAase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would first happen to DNA molecules treated with DNAase? 






A) The two strands of the double helix would separate.
B) The phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken.
C) The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.
D) The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.
E) All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.







Answer: B

In a normal cellular protein, where would you expect to find a hydrophobic amino acid like valine?

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In a normal cellular protein, where would you expect to find a hydrophobic amino acid like valine? 





A) in the interior of the folded protein, away from water
B) on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water
C) in the transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains
D) in the interior of the folded protein, away from water, or in a transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains
E) anywhere in the protein, with equal probability







Answer: D

Normal hemoglobin is a tetramer, consisting of two molecules of ß hemoglobin and two molecules of a hemoglobin. In sickle-cell disease, as a result of a single amino acid change, the mutant hemoglobin tetramers associate with each other and assemble into large fibers. Based on this information alone, we can conclude that sickle-cell hemoglobin exhibits

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Normal hemoglobin is a tetramer, consisting of two molecules of ß hemoglobin and two molecules of a hemoglobin. In sickle-cell disease, as a result of a single amino acid change, the mutant hemoglobin tetramers associate with each other and assemble into large fibers. Based on this information alone, we can conclude that sickle-cell hemoglobin exhibits 





A) altered primary structure.
B) altered secondary structure.
C) altered tertiary structure.
D) altered quaternary structure.
E) altered primary structure and altered quaternary structure; the secondary and tertiary structures may or may not be altered.







Answer: E

Changing a single amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 amino acids would

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Changing a single amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 amino acids would 






A) alter the primary structure of the protein, but not its tertiary structure or function.
B) cause the tertiary structure of the protein to unfold.
C) always alter the biological activity or function of the protein.
D) always alter the primary structure of the protein and disrupt its biological activity.
E) always alter the primary structure of the protein, sometimes alter the tertiary structure of the protein, and affect its biological activity.







Answer: E

Misfolding of polypeptides is a serious problem in cells. Which of the following diseases are associated with an accumulation of misfolded polypeptides?

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Misfolding of polypeptides is a serious problem in cells. Which of the following diseases are associated with an accumulation of misfolded polypeptides? 





A) Alzheimer's only
B) Parkinson's only
C) diabetes mellitus only
D) Alzheimer's and Parkinson's only
E) Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and diabetes mellitus







Answer: D

The R group or side chain of the amino acid serine is –CH2–OH. The R group or side chain of the amino acid leucine is –CH2–CH–(CH3)2. Where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution?

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The R group or side chain of the amino acid serine is –CH2–OH. The R group or side chain of the amino acid leucine is –CH2–CH–(CH3)2. Where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution? 





A) Serine would be in the interior, and leucine would be on the exterior of the globular protein.
B) Leucine would be in the interior, and serine would be on the exterior of the globular protein.
C) Both serine and leucine would be in the interior of the globular protein.
D) Both serine and leucine would be on the exterior of the globular protein.
E) Both serine and leucine would be in the interior and on the exterior of the globular protein.






Answer: B

The tertiary structure of a protein is the

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The tertiary structure of a protein is the 





A) bonding together of several polypeptide chains by weak bonds.
B) order in which amino acids are joined in a polypeptide chain.
C) unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide.
D) organization of a polypeptide chain into an a helix or ß pleated sheet.
E) overall protein structure resulting from the aggregation of two or more polypeptide subunits.







Answer: C

What maintains the secondary structure of a protein?

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What maintains the secondary structure of a protein? 




A) peptide bonds
B) hydrogen bonds between the amino group of one peptide bond and the carboxyl group of another peptide bond
C) disulfide bonds
D) hydrophobic interactions
E) hydrogen bonds between the R groups





Answer: B

Polysaccharides, triacylglycerides, and proteins are similar in that they

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Polysaccharides, triacylglycerides, and proteins are similar in that they 





A) are synthesized from monomers by the process of hydrolysis.
B) are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions.
C) are synthesized as a result of peptide bond formation between monomers.
D) are decomposed into their subunits by dehydration reactions.
E) all contain nitrogen in their monomer building blocks.








Answer: B

There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another?

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There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another? 






A) different side chains (R groups) attached to a carboxyl carbon
B) different side chains (R groups) attached to the amino groups
C) different side chains (R groups) attached to an a carbon
D) different structural and optical isomers
E) different asymmetric carbons






Answer: C

Why are human sex hormones considered to be lipids?

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Why are human sex hormones considered to be lipids? 






A) They are essential components of cell membranes.
B) They are not soluble in water.
C) They are made of fatty acids.
D) They are hydrophilic compounds.
E) They contribute to atherosclerosis.





Answer: B

Which modifications of fatty acids will best keep triglycerides solid at warmer temperatures?

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Which modifications of fatty acids will best keep triglycerides solid at warmer temperatures? 




A) creating cis double bonds to the fatty acids
B) adding hydrogens to the fatty acids
C) creating trans double bonds to the fatty acids
D) adding hydrogens and trans double bonds to the fatty acids
E) adding cis double bonds and trans double bonds to the fatty acids





Answer: D

Which of the following is true regarding saturated fatty acids?

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Which of the following is true regarding saturated fatty acids? 





A) They are the predominant fatty acid in corn oil.
B) They have double bonds between carbon atoms of the fatty acids.
C) They are the principal molecules in lard and butter.
D) They are usually liquid at room temperature.
E) They are usually produced by plants.






Answer: C

The label on a container of margarine lists "hydrogenated vegetable oil" as the major ingredient. What is the result of adding hydrogens to vegetable oil?

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The label on a container of margarine lists "hydrogenated vegetable oil" as the major ingredient. What is the result of adding hydrogens to vegetable oil? 





A) The hydrogenated vegetable oil has a lower melting point.
B) The hydrogenated vegetable oil stays solid at room temperature.
C) The hydrogenated vegetable oil has more "kinks" in the fatty acid chains.
D) The hydrogenated vegetable oil has fewer trans fatty acids.
E) The hydrogenated vegetable oil is less likely to clog arteries.




Answer: B

Which of the following statements concerning saturated fats is not true?

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Which of the following statements concerning saturated fats is not true? 





A) They are more common in animals than in plants.
B) They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids.
C) They generally solidify at room temperature.
D) They contain more hydrogen than unsaturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms.
E) They are one of several factors that contribute to atherosclerosis.





Answer: B

Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because

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Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because 





A) the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is galactose.
B) humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the ß glycosidic linkages of starch but not the a glycosidic linkages of cellulose.
C) humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the a glycosidic linkages of starch but not the ß glycosidic linkages of cellulose.
D) humans harbor starch-digesting bacteria in the digestive tract.
E) the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is glucose with a nitrogen-containing group.




Answer: C

Which of the following is true of cellulose?

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Which of the following is true of cellulose? 




A) It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose.
B) It is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells.
C) It is digestible by bacteria in the human gut.
D) It is a major structural component of plant cell walls.
E) It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose, it is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells, it is digestible by bacteria in the human gut, and it is a major structural component of plant cell walls.






Answer: D

Which of the following is true of both starch and cellulose?

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Which of the following is true of both starch and cellulose? 




A) They are both polymers of glucose.
B) They are cis-trans isomers of each other.
C) They can both be digested by humans.
D) They are both used for energy storage in plants.
E) They are both structural components of the plant cell wall.






Answer: A

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

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Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis? 




A) Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers.
B) Dehydration reactions eliminate water from lipid membranes, and hydrolysis makes lipid membranes water permeable.
C) Dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis.
D) Hydrolysis creates monomers, and dehydration reactions break down polymers.
E) Dehydration reactions ionize water molecules and add hydroxyl groups to polymers; hydrolysis reactions release hydroxyl groups from polymers.





Answer: A

In animal metabolism, most of the monomers released by digestion of food macromolecules are metabolized to provide energy. Only a small portion of these monomers are used for synthesis of new macromolecules. The net result is that

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In animal metabolism, most of the monomers released by digestion of food macromolecules are metabolized to provide energy. Only a small portion of these monomers are used for synthesis of new macromolecules. The net result is that 




A) water is generated by animal metabolism.
B) water is consumed by animal metabolism.
C) the water consumed is exactly balanced by the water generated, to maintain homeostasis.
D) water is consumed during homeostasis, but water is generated during periods of growth.
E) water is generated during homeostasis, but water is consumed during periods of growth.




Answer: B

Humans and mice differ because

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Humans and mice differ because 





A) their cells have different small organic molecules.
B) their cells make different types of large biological molecules.
C) their cells make different types of lipids.
D) their cells have some differences in the sequence of nucleotides in their nucleic acids.
E) their cells make different types of proteins.






Answer: D

Organic chemistry is currently defined as

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Organic chemistry is currently defined as 





A) the study of compounds made only by living cells.
B) the study of carbon compounds.
C) the study of vital forces.
D) the study of natural (as opposed to synthetic) compounds.
E) the study of hydrocarbons.






Answer: B


Thalidomide and L-dopa, shown below, are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules that

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Thalidomide and L-dopa, shown below, are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules that 






A) have identical three-dimensional shapes.
B) are mirror images of one another.
C) are structural isomers.
D) are mirror images of one another and have the same biological activity.
E) are cis-trans isomers.







Answer: B

Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. In what way(s) do these molecules differ from each other?

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Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. In what way(s) do these molecules differ from each other? 






A) Testosterone and estradiol are structural isomers but have the same molecular formula.
B) Testosterone and estradiol are cis-trans isomers but have the same molecular formula.
C) Testosterone and estradiol have different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton.
D) Testosterone and estradiol have distinctly different chemical structures, with one including four fused rings of carbon atoms, while the other has three rings.
E) Testosterone and estradiol are enantiomers of the same organic molecule.





Answer: C

Testosterone and estradiol are

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Testosterone and estradiol are 






A) soluble in water.
B) structural isomers of each other.
C) proteins.
D) lipids.
E) enantiomers of each other.






Answer: B

A carbon skeleton is covalently bonded to both an amino group and a carboxyl group. When placed in water it

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A carbon skeleton is covalently bonded to both an amino group and a carboxyl group. When placed in water it 





A) would function only as an acid because of the carboxyl group.
B) would function only as a base because of the amino group.
C) would function as neither an acid nor a base.
D) would function as both an acid and a base.
E) is impossible to determine how it would function.







Answer: D

A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is true concerning this compound?

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A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is true concerning this compound? 






A) It lacks an asymmetric carbon, and it is probably a fat or lipid.
B) It should dissolve in water.
C) It should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent.
D) It won't form hydrogen bonds with water.
E) It is hydrophobic.






Answer: B

Organic molecules with only hydrogens and five carbon atoms can have different structures in all of the following ways except

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Organic molecules with only hydrogens and five carbon atoms can have different structures in all of the following ways except 







A) by branching of the carbon skeleton.
B) by varying the number of double bonds between carbon atoms.
C) by varying the position of double bonds between carbon atoms.
D) by forming a ring.
E) by forming enantiomers.





Answer: E

Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the carbon atoms are linked by single bonds, a hydrocarbon chain with the same number of carbon atoms, but with one or more double bonds, will

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Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the carbon atoms are linked by single bonds, a hydrocarbon chain with the same number of carbon atoms, but with one or more double bonds, will 






A) be more flexible in structure.
B) be more constrained in structure.
C) be more polar.
D) have more hydrogen atoms.
E) have fewer structurally distinct isomers.





Answer: B

What determines whether a carbon atom's covalent bonds to other atoms are in a tetrahedral configuration or a planar configuration?

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What determines whether a carbon atom's covalent bonds to other atoms are in a tetrahedral configuration or a planar configuration? 






A) the presence or absence of bonds with oxygen atoms
B) the presence or absence of double bonds between the carbon atom and other atoms
C) the polarity of the covalent bonds between carbon and other atoms
D) the presence or absence of bonds with nitrogen atoms
E) the solvent that the organic molecule is dissolved in







Answer: B

Research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers; that is, molecules that

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Research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers; that is, molecules that 






A) have identical chemical formulas but differ in the branching of their carbon skeletons.
B) are mirror images of one another.
C) exist in either linear chain or ring forms.
D) differ in the location of their double bonds.
E) differ in the arrangement of atoms around their double bonds.





Answer: B

Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers?

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Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers? 





A) They have variations in arrangement around a double bond.
B) They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images.
C) They have the same chemical properties.
D) They have different molecular formulas.
E) Their atoms and bonds are arranged in different sequences.






Answer: A

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