What are the three stages of whooping cough?
1. Catarrhal (1-2 weeks with sympto: similar to a viral upper respiratory infection [URI]; most contagious stage)
2. Paroxysmal (following 1-6 weeks with characteristic burst of cough with inspiratory "whoop")
3. Convalescent (2-3 weeks with decreased coughing attacks; not contagious)
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Bacteriology
- How is Y. pestis typically transmitted?
- What diseases does Y. pestis cause?
- Describe the morphology of Yersinia pestis:
- Which zoonotic organisms are facultative intracellular organisms?
- Name the five medically important zoonotic gram-negative rods:
- A 70-year-old man with diabetes presents with severe left ear pain and discharge. On physical examination, there is granulation tissue seen in the ear canal.
- A 10-year-old girl with cystic fibrosis presents with 2 days of high fever and a cough productive of purulent green sputum. On chest x-ray (CXR) there is a left upper lobe (LUL) infiltrate. What is the most likely pathogen contributing to her symptoms? Appropriate treatment?
- Which bacterium, which has reservoirs in water sources, causes hot tub folliculitis, characterized by pruritic or tender follicular lesions following bathing in a hot tub, whirlpool, or public swimming pool.
- A young child presents with a 2-week history of mild upper respiratory symptoms and a severe paroxysmal cough, followed by high-pitched inspiratory whoop. A complete blood count (CBC) reveals marked lymphocytosis. What is the likely diagnosis and causative organism?
- An older man with a significant history of smoking and alcohol consumption presents with a fever, nonproductive cough, and shortness of breath. Several of his coworkers have had similar symptoms over the preceding months, and his workplace is investigating whether the air conditioner may be a source of infection. He also uses a humidifier in his home. What is the likely diagnosis and organism? How is the organism visualized?
- What population is especially susceptible to K. pneumoniae and what is the characteristic appearance of the sputum?
- Describe the appearance of K. pneumoniae colonies and whatgives them this appearance?
- Klebsiella pneumoniae causes what diseases?
- Describe the biochemical characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
- What are the signs and symptoms of Pontiac fever and how does it differ from Legionnaires' disease?
- What are the treatment options for Legionnaires' disease?
- What stain is required to visualize L. pneumophila?
- What have been the major sources for Legionnaires' disease?
- How is Legionnaires' disease diagnosed?
- Where is L. pneumophila found within infected patients? Why?
- What are the risk factors for Legionnaires' disease?
- How does Legionnaires' disease present?
- What diseases does Legionella pneumophila cause?
- What is the treatment of P. aeruginosa?
- What characteristics of P. aeruginosa allow it aggressively invade tissues?
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